PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION (PIL)

Case Number: Writ Petition No.5025 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/05/14Petitioners  Bangladesh Legal Aid Services and Trust (BLAST)  National Grassroots Disability Organization (NGDO) National Council of Disabled Woman (NCDW)  Respondents 1. The Secretary, Ministry of...

Case Number: Writ Petition No.13478 of 2023Date of filing: 2023/10/30Petitioners  Bangladesh Legal Aid Services and Trust (BLAST)  Bangladesh Mohila Porishod, Bangladesh Women’s Health Coalition, Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK), Naripokkho, SERAC Bangladesh, and BRAC ...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7117 of 2019Date of filing: 2019/06/27Petitioners1. Bangladesh Legal Aid Services and Trust (BLAST) Respondents(1) The Secretary, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare;(2) director General, Directorate of Health Services;(3) The...

Case Number: Writ Petition No.10222 of 2023Date of filing: 2023/08/27Petitioners Mr. Ayub Karam Ali 2. Bangladesh Legal Aid Services and Trust (BLAST)Respondents(1) the Secretary, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives;(2) Secretary, Ministry...

Case Number: Criminal Miscellaneous Case No. 24727 of 2009Date of filing: 2009/11/17PetitionersStateRespondents1.    Major Kazi Wahiduzzaman2.    Lieutenant Hasan3.    Director General (DG) of RAB4.    Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs FactsOn 17.11.2009, a High...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 2948 of 2016Date of filing: 2016/03/08Petitioners Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA) Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral...

Case Number: Writ Petition No.14633 of 2018Date of filing: 2018/11/20PetitionersChildren's Charity Bangladesh Foundation ( CCB Foundation Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)RespondentsBangladesh, represented by the Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs...

Case Number: Civil Review Petition No. 41 of 2017 (Ariisng out Civil Appeal No 53 of 2004)Date of filing:Petitioners1.Govt. represented by the Secretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs 2. The Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs 3. The Inspector...

Case Number: Writ Petition no. 1809 of 2019Date of filing: 2019/02/17PetitionersChildren’s Charity Bangladesh Foundation (CCB Foundation)Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)RespondentsThe Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, People’s Republic of...

Case Number: Writ Petition no. 14102 of 2018Date of filing:PetitionersChildren's Charity Bangladesh Foundation (CCB Foundation) Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)RespondentsSecretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, People's Republic of Bangladesh Secretary,...

Case Number: Suo-Moto Rule No. 06 of 2018Date of filing: 2018/05/09PetitionersThe StateBangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)- IntervenerRespondentsSecretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka Secretary, Ministry of Women and Children...

Case Number: Suo Moto Rule No. 21 of 2017Date of filing: 2017/10/30PetitionersStateRespondents1. Secretary, Public Administration Ministry, Secretariat of Bangladesh, Dhaka;2.Secretary, Ministry of Local Government, Secretariat, Dhaka;3. Secretary, Ministry of Law,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 18163 of 2017Date of filing: 2017/12/10PetitionersBabul HossainRespondentsSecretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, The Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, The...

Case Number: Suo Moto Rule No. 11 of 2017Date of filing: 2017/05/29PetitionersThe StateRespondents1.Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs; 2.Inspector General of Police; 3. Superintendent of Police, Dhaka; 4. Officer-in-charge of Ashulia, Dhaka; 5. Deputy Inspector...

Case Number: Suo Moto Rule No 03 of 2017Date of filing:Petitioners1.The State; 2.Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) (Intervener)Respondents1.Secretary of Ministry of Home Affairs; 2.Secretary, Ministry of Local Government and Rural development;...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 15766 of 2016 with Civil Petition for Leave to Appeal No. 1280/17Date of filing: 2016/12/11Petitioners1. Md. Alomgir Hossain 2. Md. Ismail Hossain 3. Nowsher Mollik 4. Md. Sohel Rana 5. Khandakar Rafiqul Islam 6. Md. Ziaur Rahman 7....

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 12182 of 2016Date of filing: 2016/09/19Petitioners Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK), Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers’ Association (BELA) Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Employment;...

Case Number: Review Petition No. 19 of 2015 (Arising out of Writ Petition No. 17182 of 2012)Date of filing: 2016/05/09PetitionersManaging Director, Ashiyan City Development Limited Respondents1. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)2. Association for Land Reforms and Development...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 10504 of 2016Date of filing: 2016/08/21PetitionersRefugee and Migratory Movements Research Unit (RMMRU) represented by its Executive Director Professor Dr. Chowdhury Rafiqul Abrar, Sattar Bahaban (4th floor),179, Shahid Syed Nazrul Islam...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 4102 of 2016Date of filing: 2016/04/03Petitioners1.Bangladesh legal Aid and services Trust 2.Safety and Rights SocietyRespondents1.Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Public Works2.Chairman,RAJUK3.M/S Star City Builders Ltd., represented...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 1509 of 2016Date of filing: 2016/02/07Petitioners1. Syed Saifuddin Kamal2. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)Respondents1. Secretary, Ministry of Health2. Secretary, Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges3. DGHS, Ministry of...

Case Number: Writ Petition No.10264 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/09/21PetitionersBangladesh National Women Lawyers’ Association (BNWLA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Inspector General of Police, Dhaka Deputy Inspector General of Police, Dhaka...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 11302 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/11/09PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7552 of 2016Date of filing: 2015/07/08PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7161 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/07/02PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 6501 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/06/18PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 6067 of 2015 Date of filing: 2015/06/04 Petitioners Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA) Respondents Mayor, Chittagong City Corporation Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary,...

Case Number: Civil Review Petition No. 76 of 2015 (arising on Civil Appeal No. 116 of 2010)Date of filing: 2015/06/02Petitioners1. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services (BLAST)2. Md. Shukur AliRespondents1. Bangladesh, represented by Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs2....

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 5541 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/05/23Petitioners1.    Naripokkho2.    Bangladesh Mahila Parishad3.    Jatiya Adivasi Parishad,4.    Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK)5.    Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Truest  (BLAST)Respondents...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 5332 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/05/21PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 3924 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/04/27PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Secretary,...

Case Number: Suo Moto Rule No. 04 Of 2015Date of filing: 2015/04/20Petitioners Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK) Appeared as Intervenor Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Inspector General of Police Vice-Chancellor,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No 2245 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/03/08PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 511 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/02/22Petitioners1. Arpita Das2. Bangladesh Human Rights FoundationRespondents Cabinet Division Secretary, Cabinet Division Ministry of Law and parliamentary Affairs Secretary, Ministry of Law and...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 1111 of 2015Date of filing: 2015/02/05Petitioners1. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)2. Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD)3. Action Aid, Bangladesh4. Nijera Kori5. Transparency International Bangladesh6. Md....

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 12388 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/12/27Petitioners Children's Charity Bangladesh Foundation (CCB Foundation) Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Secretary, Ministry of Railway...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 10553 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/11/16PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Chairman,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 9413 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/10/19PetitionersBangladesh Legal Aid and services Trust (BLAST)Respondents1. Secretary , Ministry of Housing and public Work of Bangladesh; 2. Chairman, RAJUK; 3. Deputy Commissioner, Dhaka; 4. Chairman,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 8794 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/09/16PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Director General, Department of Environment Deputy...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 8936 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/09/16PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 8325 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/09/09PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7899 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/09/01PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Director General, Department of Environment Deputy Commissioner, Dinajpur...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7878 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/08/30Petitioners1. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)2. Naripokkho3. Bangladesh Mohila ParishadRespondents1.Secretary, Ministry of Public Administration 2.Secretary, Ministry of Religious...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7208 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/07/23Petitioners1. Jamini Ranjan Chakma2. Mongollya Chakma3. Robi Joy Chakma4. Sura Joy Chakma5. Nidu Ram Chakma6. Mohendra Chakma7. Natun Chandra ChakmaRespondents1. Secretary, Ministry of Land2....

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 6423 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/07/06PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Director General, Department of Environment Deputy Commissioner, Dinajpur...

Case Number: Writ Petition No 3895 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/04/24PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Director...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 3508 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/04/13PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Director General, Department of Environment Deputy Commissioner, Bogra...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 2329 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/03/06PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of LGRD and Co-operative ...

Case Number: Writ Petition No 2434 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/03/04Petitioners Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA) Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Secretary, Ministry of Water...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 1683 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/02/19PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Public Works Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 1567 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/02/16PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 732 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/01/26PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 445 of 2014Date of filing: 2014/01/19Petitioners Mitali Hossain (Chairman), Saleha Ishaq Girls High School, Ex Student Association, Borogolu, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh Bangladesh National Women Lawyers’ Association (BNWLA) Respondents...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 10663 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/10/08Petitioners1. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)2. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)3. Bangladesh MahilaParishad (BNWLA)4. BRAC5. Manusher Jonno Foundation6. NaripokkhoRespondents1. Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 9239 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/09/15PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of LGRD and Co-operative  Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 8098 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/07/31Petitioners1. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK) 2. Association for Land Reforms and Development (ALRD) 3. Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers’ Association (BELA) 4. Bangladesh PoribeshAndolon (BAPA) 5....

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7432 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/07/21Petitioners1. Md. Anower Hossain, Zakir Dairy Poultry and Fisheries Farms2. Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers’ Association (BELA) was added as a co-petitioner on 02.08.2015.Respondents Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7431 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/07/21PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Secretary, Ministry of Land Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 4390 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/04/25Petitioners1.Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)2. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)Respondents1.Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Public Works 2. RAJUK 3.Inspector General of Police 4.The...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 5313 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/05/21PetitionersBangladesh National Women Lawyers’ Association (BNWLA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Secretary, Ministry of Women and children Affairs Inspector General of Police,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 4185 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/04/21PetitionersSri Prema Chandra Das,Mashankura Beel Community Based Fisheries Cooperative Society Ltd. Pirgacha, RangpurRespondents Secretary, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Secretary, Ministry of...

Case Number: Writ petition No. 5140 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/05/19Petitioners1) Association for Land Reform and Development (ALRD) 2) Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) 3) Nijera Kori 4) Arpito (shatru) Sampatti Ain Protirodh Andolon 5) Professor Dr....

Case Number: Suo Moto Rule No. 05 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/05/06PetitionersThe StateRespondentsSecretary, Ministry of HealthFactsA petition was filed against the absence of a female doctor to ascertain the age of a rape victim. Female patients were dealt with by...

Case Number: Suo Moto Rule No. 09 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/04/24PetitionersThe StateRespondents Secretary, Ministry of Works and Housing Secretary, Ministry of LGRD Secretary, Ministry of Home Secretary, Ministry of Health Secretary, Ministry of Finance Secretary,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 3841 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/04/11Petitioners Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK) Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Truest (BLAST) Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Inspector General of Police, Madaripur Deputy Commissioner,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 3604 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/04/04PetitionersBangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of LGRD and Co-operatives Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forest Mayor, Khulna City Corporation...

Case Number: Writ petition No. 3561 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/04/03Petitioners Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK) Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) Samprodayikota O Jongibad Birodhi Mancha Basudev Dhar Monindra Kumar Nath Association for Land Reform and...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 2548 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/02/25Petitioners1. Rajin AhmedRespondents1. Secretary of Ministry of Education2. Vice Chancellor, Moulana Bashani Science and Technology University3. Registrar, Moulana Bashani Science and Technology...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 784 of 2013Date of filing: 2013/01/15PetitionersBangladesh National Women Lawyers’ Association (BNWLA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Secretary Ministry of Home Affairs Secretary, Ministry of...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 17182 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/12/19Petitioners1. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)2. Association for Land Reforms and Development (ALRD)3. Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association (BELA)4. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 15693 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/11/26Petitioners1. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)2. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)3. Nijera Kori4. BRACRespondents1. Secretary, Ministry of Industries2. Secretary, Ministry of Labour and...

Case Number: Contempt Petition No. 320 of 2012 (arising out of Writ Petition No. 4456 of 2009)Date of filing: 2012/10/15Petitioners Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK) Respondents Abdul Latif, Officer in Charge, Kafrul Police...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 12211 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/09/24Petitioners Md. Kamal Mia, Dhaka Siraj, Gazipur Md. Al-Amin, Kishorgonj Md. Habibur Rahman, Mymensing Abul Kalam, Comilla Md. Idris, Gazipur Md. Year Uddin, Barguna Md. Hasan Ali, Dinajpur Ershad...

Case Number: Suo Moto No. 44 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/07/12PetitionersThe StateIntervenor:1. Alia Islam;2. Rahmatul Islam;3. Bangladesh legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Communication Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 7102 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/06/07PetitionersMr. Md. Abdur Rashid, General Secretary, Satata Bastahara Bahumukhi Samabaya, DhakaRespondents1. Secretary, Ministry of Land2. Secretary, Ministry of Land3. Secretary, Ministry of Public...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 4432 of 2010Date of filing: 2012/05/30PetitionersFarzana Sultana (Nila)Respondents1. University of Dhaka; 2. The Registrar, University of Dhaka 3. The Deputy Registrar (Inquiry), University of Dhaka; 4. Professor A.F.M Yusuf Haidar,...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 3285 of 2009 [With Writ Petition No. 2829 of 2006]DDate of filing: 2012/05/13Petitioners Abrechai Mog Suipruchai Marma Mongthoiching Marma Maraching Marma Mongchinu Marma Kraichanyon Mogini Paimrasong Mogini Apoapru Mogini Respondents...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 4781 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/05/02PetitionersBangladesh National Women Lawyers’ Association (BNWLA)Respondents Secretary, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Secretary, Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Cabinet...

Case Number: Writ petition No. 3055 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/03/15Petitioners1. Sree Shukhdeb Mujumder 2. Md. Atiar Rahman Biswas 3. Md. Ayub Ali 4. Habibur Rahman 5. Md. Soleman Mollah 6. Md. Hasan Mollah 7. Md. Jarif Hossain 8. Md. Amzad Hossain 9. Md. Billal...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 1576 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/02/12Petitioners1.Shankar Chakrabarty 2.Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) 3.Tanzim Al Islam, Advocate 4.Manusher Jonno Foundation (MJF) 5. Centre for Disability in Development...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 3814 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/01/17Petitioners1. Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK) 2. Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST) 3. BRAC 4. Coalition for the Urban Poor (CUP) 5. Nijera kori 6. Dushtha Shasthya Kendra (DSK) 7. Md. Motaleb...

Case Number: Writ Petition No. 312 of 2012Date of filing: 2012/01/09Petitioners1.Campaign for Popular Education (CAMPE) 2.Bangladesh Legal Aid and Services Trust (BLAST)Respondents1.Secretary, Ministry of Education 2.Secretary, Ministry of Finance 3. Secretary,...